A plume of smoke

A small localized heat source is often associated with a warm rising laminar jet that transitions into an irregular flow. This is showcased in the Schlieren photo below.

Transition from laminar to turbulent (photo via wikimedia)

A simulation of such a setup is rather simple. Only a localized buoyancy source should suffice to capture the essence of the phenomenon shown in the photo. In order to visualize the simulation results, I added a virtual “smoke” tracer. The result of a volumetric rendering is shown below.

Additionally, the move below shows the effect of an increased Reynolds number of the evolution of the plume (i.e. a larger plume, a warmer plume and/or decreased viscosity). You can clearly see the emergence of relatively smaller flow structures near the base of plume, resulting in more efficient mixing with the environment.

The marvelous design of this website is taken from Suckless.org